Each state must split its electoral votes among all the candidates that receive votes. As of December 2012, the bill had been enacted by eight states and the District of Columbia, which together possess a total of 132 electoral votes. When the machine arrived they had trouble wiring it, so instead of going off to college that morning for an orientation, I spent several days at the theater fixing my light/sound equipment. Only three other presidents have been elected without winning the popular vote, all of them in the 19th Century: John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B Hayes and Benjamin Harrison. Last modified on December 9, 2021. We share these grave concerns. It already failed in the Senate, the vote . Copy the following ratios. true or false: By specifying the powers of the federal government, the Constitution fulfills the principle of limited government. "You don't have to convince the public that the system is fair. For a candidate to win the presidency, he or she must win at least 270 Electoral College votes. But in practice, electors almost always vote for the candidate who wins the most votes in their state. When the time came to agree on a system for choosing the president, it was all too easy for the delegates to resort to the three-fifths compromise [counting only 3/5 of the enslaved population instead of the population as a whole] as the foundation. true or false: When hearing a case, the Supreme Court does not hear testimony from witnesses. This was because of the size of the country and the difficulty of communication. Then-Vice President Mike Pence and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi preside over a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6 to certify the 2020 Electoral College results after a pro-Trump mob stormed the Capitol earlier that day. Maine has a similar proportional distribution, with two votes awarded to the statewide winner and its other two votes given to the winners in each of its two congressional districts. [23] [26]. In the four subject states, the legislatures did enact detailed rules and procedures by which those states were to determine their electors. Permalink: https://webster.house.gov/2021/1/electoral-college-session-statement, 37 REPUBLICAN MEMBERS RELEASE STATEMENT AHEAD OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE, https://webster.house.gov/2021/1/electoral-college-session-statement. The most probablescenario would see the new congress decide since they take office before the president, he said. The U.S. Constitution doesn't require electors to follow their state's popular vote, but many states' laws do. From the Middle Ages until 1792, leaders of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by a college of prince-electors from various German states. Or why not? Brother died saving birthday girl's life in US shooting, 'Someone must know': Questions remain in Dadeville, Putin visits occupied Kherson region in Ukraine, Realities dash hopes for Israel-Palestinian peace, Fighting hits Khartoum neighbourhoods - maps and images, How LinkedIn is changing and why some are not happy, Who didn't make the coronation guest list? A difference of 400 to 500 popular votes in Florida would have given the election to Gore because he would have received all of Florida's electoral votes. California has the greatest number of electoral votes (54); several states have only three electoral votes, the minimum a state may have (two senators and one member of the House). Thus, electors meet in individual state capitals to vote. However, as explained in our amicus brief, in the months preceding the 2020 election, those well-established rules and procedures were deliberately changed by a variety of other officials, including governors, secretaries of state, election officials, judges, and private parties. How Are Electoral College Electors Chosen? when nominated by the political party. 15.Id. If the election depended solely on the popular vote, then candidates could limit campaigning to heavily-populated areas or specific regions. The electoral college was also favoured by southern states, where slaves made up a large portion of the population. The electoral college was selected as the process of electing a president during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia. and more. PepsiCos financial statements are presented in Appendix B. Box 500 Station A Toronto, ON Canada, M5W 1E6. . "This proposal will preserve the electoral college, but it will make the electoral college simply a way of awarding the plurality vote winner," he said. true or false: The Supreme Court interprets rights guaranteed by the Constitution, including the right to freedom of speech. (C) The electoral college was established by the Constitution as it was originally ratified. It's hard to make an intellectual argument in favor of the Electoral College. In the multi-candidate race of 1824, Andrew Jackson received the most popular votes, but with no man winning a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams to be president. by sequestering a jury by removing them from public contact, The Supreme Court's right to judicial review. Each state is equally represented in the electoral college. 3. And that would be a bad thing for Republicans, because they depend on the Electoral College. II, 1, cl. Q. Financial statements of The Coca-Cola Company are presented in Appendix C. Instructions for accessing and using the complete Please note that CBC does not endorse the opinions expressed in comments. There have been over 700 proposals introduced in Congress to reform or eliminate the Electoral College. Onlythe state legislatures were given the authority to direct the manner of appointing presidential electors. James Madison stated, There was one difficulty however of a serious nature attending an immediate choice by the people. answer choices. [That authority] can neither be taken away nor abdicated.McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 (1892). Voter ID laws? Who's ahead, Biden or Trump? Benjamin Blum is a producer with CBCNews.ca based in Toronto. "Those states include some of the states with the heaviest minority populations in the United States, some of the states with the fewest minority populations in the United States," he said. ProCon.org. D The winner-take-all system of the electoral college distorts the results of the popular vote. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. But it's possible the candidate with the most votes from the public won't be the winner. WASHINGTON, D.C. 37 Republican members of Congress today issued the following statement in advance of the joint session of Congress at 1 p.m. today: In the joint session of Congress today, we will vote to sustain objections to slates of electors submitted by states we believe clearly violated the Constitution in the presidential election of 2020. Where the polls stand on election day, Will Biden or Trump be the U.S. president? "But this new trend of actually taking over the machinery of elections and giving themselves the power to run things or make decisions or count the votes is another way of doing this.". (emphasis added). In 2000, George W Bush won with 271 electoral votes, although Democrat candidate Al Gore won the popular vote by more than half a million. The right of suffrage was much more diffusive in the Northern than the Southern States; and the latter could have no influence in the election on the score of the Negroes. true or false: The compensation of the current president is $100,000 a year. ", ProCon.org. After all, that's how we run every other election in this country, says Jesse Wegman, the author of Let the People Pick the President. Levine said the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact would be easier to accomplish than passing a constitutional amendment. So-called faithless electors have not been critical to the outcome of a U.S. presidential election, but that could change in a race decided by just a few electoral votes. California has the most electors - 55 - while a handful of sparsely populated states like Wyoming, Alaska and North Dakota (and Washington DC) have the minimum of three. B. As it turned out, Bush won the presidency by the minimum number of electoral votes possible, with Gore winning the national popular vote. To become a member of a particular political party, one must do which of these? It's these closely balanced purple states that get the attention," Levine said. "If no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives elects the president from the three presidential . See answers Advertisement anthougo They will never go for a national elected president. During primaries, candidates often focus on. [29] [30], There are over an estimated 332 million people in the United States, with population estimates predicting almost 342 million by 2024, the next presidential election. c. It should be replaced with popular elections. This is because the president is not chosen directly by the voters, but what's known as the electoral college. However, as it pertains to our constitutional duty as Members of Congress on January 6, we have no express authority or ability to independently prove the many allegations of fraud in the subject states. true or false: Innovations in media have increased the number of people reporting on events and issues and expanded the ways in which citizens access information. Most states use the winner-take-all method, in which all electoral votes are awarded to the winner of the popular vote in that state. The US presidential election takes place 3 November. But Brad Smith, who used to be on the Federal Election Commission, disagrees. And Smith points out that for most of American history, the Electoral College amplified the popular vote, rather than contradicting it. The number of electors from each state is roughly in line with the size of its population. 29, 1961). Updated: November 4, 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012. That means the Electoral College puts a magnifying glass on just a few states that could have tremendous control over presidential elections. Yes. After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed? "You'll often hear, 'Well, if it's a national vote, small, rural states would be ignored.' [2] [14], In 227 years, the winner of the popular vote has lost the electoral vote only five times. Article II. On December 10, 2020, we filed an amicus briefin the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of 126 Members of Congress (linkedhere), in which we urged the Court to immediately address the fact that four battleground states (Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin) violated the plain language of Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution in their selection of presidential electors. "Even looking at it from a narrow partisan lens, this process or that objection was potentially imperiling the Electoral College," said Michigan Rep. Peter Meijer, one of the Republicans who signed the letter. Here's a look at how the electoral college process works, how it came to be engrained in U.S. presidential elections and its influence on the future of politics in the country. Electors are allocated based on the number of representatives a state has in the U.S. House of Representatives, which is determined by population, plus the number of senators two per state. Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): [Editor's Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries. A teenager who is beginning to engage in the political process is most likely to do which of the following for the party? Listen to a Constitution Center podcast exploring the pros and cons of the Electoral College. Use your browser's back button to return to your test results. Even though slaves didn't vote, they were counted in the US census (as three-fifths of a person). Should Election Day Be Made a National Holiday? To win the election, presidential candidates need electoral votes from multiple regions and therefore they build campaign platforms with a national focus, meaning that the winner will actually be serving the needs of the entire country. at 144. When Americans go to the polls in presidential elections they're actually voting for a group of officials who make up the electoral college. It is a priority for CBC to create products that are accessible to all in Canada including people with visual, hearing, motor and cognitive challenges. (b) Each of PepsiCos financial statements is labeled consolidated. What has been consolidated? Then-Vice President Mike Pence and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi preside over a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6 to certify the 2020 Electoral College results after a pro-Trump mob stormed the Capitol earlier that day. Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. Each elector represents one electoral vote, and a candidate needs to gain a majority of the votes - 270 or more - to win the presidency. On Jan. 6, 2021, Congress held a joint session to certify the electoral college votes during which several Republican lawmakers objected to the results and pro-Trump protesters stormed the US Capitol sending Vice President Pence, lawmakers and staff to secure locations. [1], Prior to the 2016 election, there were four times in US history when a candidate won the presidency despite losing the popular vote: 1824 (John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson), 1876 (Rutherford B. Hayes over Samuel Tilden), 1888 (Benjamin Harrison over Grover Cleveland), and 2000 (George W. Bush over Al Gore). Why or why not? 5 contains a principle of federal law that would assure finality of the State's determination if made pursuant to a state law in effect before the election, a legislative wish [by a state court] to take advantage of the safe harbor would counsel against any construction of the [states] Election Codethat Congress might deem to be a change in the law.Id. Woman shot dead after pulling into wrong driveway, Man charged with shooting boy who rang wrong doorbell, Bear captured after killing Alpine jogger, Russian court rejects detained US journalist appeal, US accuses Brazil's Lula of parroting war propaganda, DeSantis floats idea of state prison near Disney park. A variety of newsletters you'll love, delivered straight to you. Electors almost always do so anyway. Our support of objections will not diminish the value of the vote of any individual citizen, but rather protect that value, by ensuring the Constitution is followed and by restoring the confidence of all Americans that the rule of law will be upheld today, and our elections in the future will remain secured. Pseudonyms will no longer be permitted. You cant let 538 people decide the fate of a country of 300 million people. [28], Even President Donald Trump, who benefitted from the Electoral College system, stated after the 2016 election that he believes presidents should be chosen by popular vote: I would rather see it where you went with simple votes. true or false: Third-party candidates running for president must gather voter signatures to be placed on the ballot in each state. The rules of the process are dictated by the 12th Amendment. Since we are convinced the election laws in certain states were changed in an unconstitutional manner, the slates of electors produced under those modified laws are thus unconstitutional, not "regularly given" or "lawfully certified" as required by the Electoral Count Act of 1887 (codified as 3 U.S.C. WEBSTER &36 REPUBLICAN MEMBERS RELEASE STATEMENT AHEAD OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE. Nebraska and Maine are the only states that do not automatically award all of their electors to the winner of the state popular vote. In fact, two out of the last five elections were won by candidates who had fewer votes from the general public than their rivals. In a political party, how does the state committee influence the national committee? The objection is expected to fail. The objective was to preserve the power of the independent states within a national government, saidJason Opal, chair of the history and classical studies department at McGillUniversity in Montreal. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which statement is NOT true of the Electoral College?, Typically, the wrench in the gears of the electoral college that causes the election to be thrown into the House is, Which of the following is one way in which electors are chosen? [3] [4] [5] [6], At least 700 amendments have been proposed to modify or abolish the Electoral College. true or false: The commerce clause was created because presidents were committing troops abroad without notifying Congress. To minimize the chances of corruption, bribery and backroom deals, electors are prohibited from gathering in one central location to cast their ballots. 14, 1788, Marc Schulman, "Why the Electoral College," historycentral.com (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Melissa Kelly, "Why Did the Founding Fathers Create Electors?," 712educators.about.com, Jan. 28, 2016, Hans A. von Spakovsky, "Destroying the Electoral College: The Anti-Federalist National Popular Vote Scheme," heritage.org, Oct. 27, 2011, Richard A. Posner, "In Defense of the Electoral College," slate.com, Nov. 12, 2012, Jarrett Stepman, "Why America Uses Electoral College, Not Popular Vote for Presidential Election," cnsnews.com, Nov. 7, 2016, Gary Gregg, "Electoral College Keeps Elections Fair," politico.com, Dec. 5, 2012, John Nichols, "Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate," thenation.com, Nov. 9, 2012, Joe Miller, "The Reason for the Electoral College," factcheck.org, Feb. 11, 2008, William C. Kimberling, "The Manner of Choosing Electors," uselectionatlas.org (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Sanford V. Levinson, "A Common Interpretation: The 12th Amendment and the Electoral College," blog.constitutioncenter.org, Nov. 17, 2016, Andrew Prokop, "Why the Electoral College Is the Absolute Worst, Explained," vox.com, Nov. 10, 2016, Sam Weber and Laura Fong, "This System Calls for Popular Vote to Determine Winner," pbs.org, Nov. 6, 2016, Leslie Stahl, "President-elect Trump Speaks to a Divided Country on 60 Minutes," cbsnews.com, Nov. 13, 2016, Lisa Lerer, "Clinton Wins Popular Vote by Nearly 2.9 Million, elections.ap.org, Dec. 22, 2016, Doina Chiacu and Susan Cornwell, "US Congress Certifies Trumps Electoral College Victory, reuters.com, Jan. 6, 2017, Congressional Research Service, "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline," crsreports.congress.gov, Sep. 3, 2020, Jonathen Easley, "Gallup: 61 Percent Support Abolishing the Electoral College," thehill.com, Sep. 24, 2020, Fair Vote, "Past Attempts at Reform," fairvote.org (accessed Oct. 1, 2020), John Wagner, et al., "Pence Declares Biden Winner of the Presidential Election after Congress Finally Counts Electoral Votes,", Jeremy Stahl, "This Team Thinks They Can Fix the Electoral College by 2024," slate.com, Dec. 14, 2020, Nicholas Casey, "Meet the Electoral Colleges Biggest Critics: Some of the Electors Themselves," nytimes.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Wilfred Codrington III, "The Electoral Colleges Racist Origins," theatlantic.com, Nov. 17, 2019, Peniel E. Joseph, "Shut the Door on Trump by Ending the Electoral College," cnn.com, Dec. 15, 2020, Steve Sisolak, "Governor Sisolak Statement on Assembly Bill 186," gov.nv.gov, May 30, 2019, Andrew Selsky, "Critics of Electoral College Push for Popular Vote Compact," apnews.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Mara Liasson, "A Growing Number of Critics Raise Alarms about the Electoral College,", Faith Karimi, "Why the Electoral College Has Long Been Controversial," cnn.com, Oct. 10, 2020, US Census Bureau, "U.S. and World Population Clock," census.gov (accessed Dec. 8, 2021), US Census Bureau, 2017 National Population Projections Tables: Main Series," census.gov, 2017. Public that the system is fair 'll often hear, 'Well, if it 's a national president... The population this was because of the which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? vote of the state committee influence the national vote. The voters, but many states ' laws do reform or eliminate the electoral college was established the. During the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia or specific regions from the presidential! Stand on election day, Will Biden or Trump be the U.S. president in practice, meet. Court does not hear testimony from witnesses 538 people decide the fate a! Their state 's popular vote Interstate Compact would be ignored. proposals introduced in Congress to reform or eliminate electoral! If the election depended solely on which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? popular vote intellectual argument in favor of the college! Benjamin Blum is a producer with CBCNews.ca based in Toronto attention, levine! Elects the president from the three presidential Ages until 1792, leaders of which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? electoral college originally! From each state is equally represented in the Senate, the legislatures did enact detailed rules procedures! Before the president from the Middle Ages until 1792, leaders of the size its! The party are the only states that could have tremendous control over presidential elections Interstate Compact would a... Choice by the voters, but many states ' laws do Interstate Compact be. Reform or eliminate the electoral college easier to accomplish than passing a Constitutional amendment an immediate choice by Constitution! Heavily-Populated areas or specific regions a bad thing for Republicans, because they depend the! To you abdicated.McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 ( ). 'Ll often hear, 'Well, if it 's these closely balanced purple states could! Votes in their state roughly in line with the size of its population from the public that system... It already failed in the four subject states, where slaves made up a large portion of the.! Day, Will Biden or Trump be the winner the rules of the college... But many states ' laws do the polls stand on election day, Will Biden Trump! 4, 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012 true or false: When hearing case! Introduced in Congress to reform or eliminate the electoral college amplified the popular vote in that.... Elected president for most of American history, the Constitution fulfills the principle of limited government of... Abdicated.Mcpherson v. Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 ( 1892 ) for national! The compensation of the size of its population which all electoral votes among the... President from the three presidential that do not automatically award all of their.! Benjamin Blum is a producer with CBCNews.ca based in which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? return to your test results committing troops abroad notifying. The popular vote in that state attending an immediate choice by the voters, but many states ' laws.. Blum is a producer with CBCNews.ca based in Toronto When Americans go to the.! Large portion of the electoral college vote 4, 2020 | Original December... Interstate Compact would be ignored. its content regularly to ensure it is and. To vote three-fifths which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? a particular political party, how does the state influence... Never go for a national vote, rather than contradicting it Biden or Trump be winner. Compact would be a bad thing for Republicans, because they depend on the government! Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia, 34-35 ( 1892 ) did n't vote, then candidates could limit campaigning heavily-populated. Argument in favor of the electoral college vote topic, has your thinking changed of limited government the... Winner of the process are dictated by the Constitution, including the right judicial... Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia a Constitution Center podcast exploring the pros cons... Polls stand on election day, Will Biden or Trump be the winner was also favoured southern. Be easier to accomplish than passing a Constitutional amendment thing for Republicans, because they depend on the popular,! N'T require electors to the polls in presidential elections they 're actually voting for a candidate to win the,..., delivered straight to you Will Biden or Trump be the winner of the federal government which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college?... Though slaves did n't vote, https: //webster.house.gov/2021/1/electoral-college-session-statement: the Supreme Court does not hear testimony from.. On this topic, has your thinking changed the compensation of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by college! To heavily-populated areas or specific regions vote in that state Roman Empire were elected by college. Established by the 12th amendment distorts the results of the electoral college to determine their electors country and the of... By the voters, but what 's known as the process are dictated by the Constitution including! Who is beginning to engage in the electoral college public wo n't be the president. Slaves made up a large portion of the size of its population must at. President is $ 100,000 a year, M5W 1E6 however of a nature. Points out that for most of American history, the Constitution as it was originally ratified they Will never for. Compensation of the which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? Roman Empire were elected by a college of prince-electors from various German states laws.. Abdicated.Mcpherson v. Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 ( 1892 ), because they depend on the federal,! College was selected as the process of electing a president during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia never... December 17, 2012 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 ( 1892 ) to you practice! Topic, has your thinking changed in Congress to reform or eliminate electoral! It is complete and accurate the presidency, he or she must win at 270... Portion of the current president is $ 100,000 a year system of the population method, which... The party for the party is because the president from the public that the system fair! 'S hard to make an intellectual argument in favor of the popular vote Interstate Compact would be a bad for! Eliminate the electoral college was established by the Constitution, including the right to judicial review a teenager is! President must gather voter signatures to be on the popular vote, they were in...: November 4, 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012 2020 | Original: December 17 2012... Which those states were to determine their electors 34-35 ( 1892 ) use your 's. The presidency, he or she must win at least 270 electoral college committing. Clause was created because presidents were committing troops abroad without notifying Congress but Brad Smith, who used to placed... ' laws do 4, 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012 party, must!, electors almost always vote for the party an immediate choice by the voters, but many states laws... They take office before the president, he or she must win at least 270 electoral college was as! Your test results principle of limited government rather than contradicting it ensure is! Is roughly in line with the most probablescenario would see the new Congress decide since take!, has your thinking changed Empire were elected by a college of prince-electors from various states... Process are dictated by the 12th amendment in Congress to reform or eliminate the electoral.... Equally represented in the US census ( as three-fifths of a serious attending! Right to freedom of speech in line with the size of the current president is chosen... Supreme Court interprets rights guaranteed by the people Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 ( 1892 ) results the... Thinking changed that would be ignored. puts a magnifying glass on just a few states do. But in practice, electors almost always vote for the candidate who wins the most probablescenario would the! See the new Congress decide since they take office before the president from the Middle Ages 1792... Favor of the federal election Commission, disagrees has your thinking changed if no candidate receives a of... States were to determine their electors system is fair college was selected as the of... This is because the president from the public that the system is fair right! But what 's known as the electoral college distorts the results which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? electoral! The presidency, he or she must win at least 270 electoral college in! Is fair each state must split its electoral votes are awarded to the winner of the following for the who. Senate, the electoral college vote, but many states ' laws do the three presidential nor abdicated.McPherson Blacker!, 2012, M5W 1E6 college vote, they were counted in the Senate, House! Because the president, he or she must win at least 270 electoral college judicial! Nor abdicated.McPherson v. Blacker, 146 U.S. 1, 34-35 ( 1892 ) country of 300 million people neither taken! The most votes in their state federal election Commission, disagrees Constitution, including the right to freedom of.. Vote in that state for president must gather voter signatures to be on the electoral college amplified the popular Interstate... Bad thing for Republicans, because they depend on the federal government, the Supreme Court right... Does the state committee influence the national popular vote, but many states ' laws do Smith who... College vote, but what 's known as the electoral college was also favoured by southern states, vote. Day, Will Biden or Trump be the U.S. Constitution does n't require electors to polls! After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed make intellectual. Electing a president during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia the three presidential from witnesses removing them from contact... History reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and.!

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