[37] For six months Hyhnen checked the thumbtack and no one had made contact. economics. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He mingled with New York artists, who were surprised by his admiration for the Russian painter Isaak Levitan, although Fisher was careful not to discuss Stalinist "socialist realism". On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously. Was Rudolf Abel actually a spy? Mark also sent Hayhanen on trips alone. Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union 30 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to obtain defense information 10 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to act in the United States as an agent of a foreign government without notification to the Secretary of State 5 years imprisonment. The real Andrew Kayotis was Lithuanian born and had become an American citizen after migrating to the United States. He refused to cooperate at all. Abel, in the Old Testament, second son of Adam and Eve, who was slain by his older brother, Cain (Genesis 4:1-16). [2] The prosecution failed to find any other alleged members of Fisher's spy network, if there were any. Is time wrong? Rudolf Abel, in full Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, original name William August Fisher, (born July 11, 1903, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, Englanddied November 15, 1971, Moscow, Russia), Soviet intelligence officer, convicted in the United States in 1957 for conspiring to transmit military secrets to the Soviet Union. [27][29] The Volunteer network grew to include "Aden" and "Serb", nuclear physicists contacted by Hall, and "Silver". But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! [20] That year he married Elena Lebedeva, a harp student at Moscow Conservatoire. The hollowed-out area is too small to hide anything aside from a tiny piece of paper. In 1957, Fisher was convicted in US federal court on three counts of conspiracy as a Soviet spy for his involvement in what became known as the Hollow Nickel Case and sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Georgia. From 1953 to 1957, though every effort was made to decipher the microphotograph, the FBI was unable to solve the mystery. He occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing chess, and writing logarithmic tables for the sheer enjoyment of it. Kitty Harris, a former pupil of Fisher's, had spent a year in Santa Fe during the war, where she passed secrets from physicists to couriers. The Irish American New York lawyer who defended a Russian spy, and negotiated on behalf of the thousands of prisoners captured after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, is remembered by his daughter Jan. It can often appear that the lives of individuals depicted on the silver screen are too fantastic to be real. Two months later, however, he was conscripted by the Communists secret police, the NKVD. In 1948, a well-trained Soviet intelligence agent arrived in the United States. TRANSMIT INSERTIONS SEPARATELY.5. This spy, Reino Hayhanen, stated that he had just been ordered to return to Moscow. In 1927, the family migrated to Estonia. ACCORDING TO YOUR REQUEST, WE WILL TRANSMIT THE FORMULA FOR THE PREPARATION OF SOFT FILM AND NEWS SEPARATELY, TOGETHER WITH (YOUR) MOTHERS LETTER.4. The proprietors of novelty stores and related business establishments in the New York vicinity were contacted. In September 1939, Hayhanen was appointed to the primary school faculty in the Village of Lipitzi. [32] Fisher was relieved when the Rosenbergs did not disclose any information about him to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), but the arrests heralded a bleak outlook for his new spy network. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Abel, Federal Bureau of Investigation - Biography of Rudolph Ivanovich Abel, Rudolf Abel - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). ENCIPHER SHORT LETTERS, BUT THE LONGER ONES MAKE WITH INSERTIONS. A few Western correspondents were invited there to view for themselves the true identity of the spy who never "broke". Following World War II, he rose to the rank of senior operative authorized representative of the Segozerski district section of the NKGB and, with headquarters in the Village of Padani, set about the task of identifying dissident elements among the local citizens. In April 1957 (the same month Hayhanen boarded a ship for Europe under instructions to return to Moscow), Goldfus had told a few persons in the Fulton Street building that he was going South on a seven-week vacation. He received the acclaimed Order of Lenin in 1966, and published his KGB-approved memoirs in 1968. On May 7, the United States acknowledged that the U-2 had probably flown over Soviet territory but denied that it had authorized the mission. [45], When Hyhnen announced himself at the embassy on 4 May, he appeared drunk. Theodore "Ted" Hall (codenamed "MLAD"), a physicist, was the most important agent in the network in 1945, passing atomic secrets from Los Alamos. Rudolf Abel, 55, accused Russian master spy, is wide-eyed and close-mouthed as he arrives in New York City from Texas, Aug. 8, 1957. In the modest home of Hayhanen and his wife on Dorislee Drive in Peekskill, New York, FBI agents found such items as a 50 Markka coin from Finland. [4] He served just over four years of his sentence before he was exchanged for captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. On May 5, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the American spy aircraft had been shot down and two days later revealed that Powers was alive and well and had confessed to being on an intelligence mission for the CIA. An investigation which had started with a newsboys hollow nickel ultimately resulted in the smashing of a Soviet spy ring. William Ghenrihovici Fischer. Fisher knew that the FBI's use of his rank could have only come from Hyhnen. A search of his Brooklyn studio uncovered a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a code book, radio transmitting equipment and phony identifications. On February 10, 1962, Rudolf Invanovich Abel was exchanged for the American U-2 pilot, Francis Gary Powers, who was a prisoner of the Soviet Union. Something went wrong. The Soviet intelligence service had a new assignment for Hayhanenone which would require him to sever relations with his family, to study the English language, and to receive special training in photographing documents, as well as to encode and decode messages. He also rented a fifth-floor studio at the Ovington Studios Building on Fulton Street. Why? For example, in 1954, Mark instructed him to locate an American Army sergeant, one formerly assigned to the United States Embassy in Moscow. The bolt was found on May 15, 1957. He was tried in a federal court in Brooklyn and in October was found guilty on three counts of espionage and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment. Frederic LeRoy Pryor (April 23, 1933 - September 2, 2019) was an American economist. The action remained secret until it was successfully completed. [2] During that time he received money from his superiors left in dead-letter boxes in the Bronx and Manhattan. I have a sinus condition.. According to the second one, he was Martin Collins, born June 2, 1897, also in New York. Abel reported to command and asked evacuation of the guy. [31] During this period, Fisher received the Order of the Red Banner, an important Soviet medal normally reserved for military personnel. [21] During his interview with the OGPU, it was determined he should adopt a Russian-sounding name and William August Fisher became Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher. On 18 December 2015, on the eve of the Day of State Security Officers (a professional holiday), a grand opening ceremony of the memorial plaque to William Genrikhovich Fisher took place in. Among the government witnesses to testify against him was his former trusted espionage assistant, Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen. After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II, Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada. Was Rudolf Abel found guilty? [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. (2001). Full information concerning Rhodes involvement in Russian espionage was disseminated to the Army; and following a court-martial, he was sentenced to serve five years at hard labor.). Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. [43], By early 1957, Fisher had lost patience with Hyhnen and demanded that Moscow recall his deputy. The hollow nickel found by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, The coded message contained in the hollow nickel. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". FBI mugshot of William August Fisher, a.k.a. [15][16] Though Fisher qualified for university, the costs prohibited him from attending. Rudolph Abel Exchange For Garry Powers (1962) Watch on. His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. They immediately noted that it bore a great similarity to the Jefferson nickel which the Brooklyn newsboy had discovered in 1953. 39. While it is not known for certain where Fisher went or what he did, it is believed he travelled to Santa Fe, New Mexico, the collection point for stolen diagrams from the Manhattan Project. Svirin, however, had returned to Moscow two years previously. The coded message which the nickel contained still had to be deciphered. Bridge of Spies is the best. Hayhanen obtained the impression that Mikhail was a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United Nations. What sentence does Francis Gary Powers receive from the Soviet Court? From time to time the man got up, walked around, and eventually left. [29], In 1950, Fisher's illegal residency was endangered by the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, for whom Lona Cohen had been a courier. Following his family's return to Russia in 1921, Fisher joined the Komsomol, the Communist Party youth organization, and worked as a translator. From the fall of 1952 until early in 1954, he said, Mikhail served as his espionage superior in New York. "Red spy nabbed" screamed the Path News broadcast of October 1957 as Rudolf Abel was marched away in handcuffs. Following his return to Russia what happened to Rudolf Abel? [70] Fisher, who was a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer on 15 November 1971. Neither of these pennies, nor the assortment of other coins which the Laboratory examined, was found to have tool markings or other distinguishing features to identify it with the newsboys 1948 Jefferson nickel. During his eight years as an illegal resident he appears not to have recruited, or even identified, a single potential agent. Donovan is widely known for negotiating the 1960-1962 exchange of captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers and American student Frederic Pryor for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel, and for negotiating the 1962 release and return of 9,703 prisoners held by Cuba after the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. The microfilm bore a typewritten message which identified Quebec as Army sergeant Roy Rhodes and stated the Soviet agents had recruited him in January 1952. Hollow Nickel/Rudolf Abel One of the nation's most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016A)[64] at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. [5] Following his recruitment, he worked for the OGPU as a radio operator in Norway, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and France. [13] It was during this period that Fisher developed an interest in amateur radio, constructing rudimentary spark transmitters and receivers. Just before their transfer, Frederic Pryoran American student held by East German authorities since August 1961was released to American authorities at another border checkpoint. That happened, and five years later, Rudolf Abel walked across the Glienicke Bridge between Potsdam and East Berlin, where he was met by Soviet intelligence. Place seems right. They were to resurface in the United Kingdom using the identities of Peter and Helen Kroger. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. British intelligence officer and Soviet spy. On February 10, 1962 at around 8:50 a . [63] In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 54. [36] The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. [33][34][35] The thumbtack signaled to Fisher that Hyhnen, his new assistant, had arrived. For the past five years, I have been operating in the United States. His helper, deployed to the USA began to demonstrate signs of instability and nervousness. The first showed that he was Emil R. Goldfus, born August 2, 1902 in New York City. He died in 1971 at the age of 68. The moment his eyes fell upon a picture of Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin, Hayhanen straightened up in his chair and announced, Thats the one. The real Andrew Kayotis, believed to have died in a Lithuanian hospital, was born in Lithuania on October 10, 1895. Forced to bail out at 15,000 feet, he survived the parachute jump but was promptly arrested by Soviet authorities. During World War II, he again trained radio operators for clandestine work behind German lines. While in Moscow, Fisher informed his superiors of his dissatisfaction with Hyhnen. Even his wife knew him only as Eugene Maki, so carefully did he cover his previous life. Yet, the relentless search to identify the person who had brought the hollow nickel to New York, as well as the person for whom the coded message was intended, continued. Reargued November 9, 1959. 26. [66] At precisely the same time, at Checkpoint Charlie, Frederic Pryor was released by the East German Stasi into the waiting arms of his father. Encouraging their son's love of music, Fisher's parents gave him piano lessons; he also learned to play the guitar. The two ladies who had changed the newboys dollar on the evening of June 22 were located. Among the items he had been supplied by the Soviets were hollow pens, pencils, screws, batteries, and coinsin some instances magnetized so they would adhere to metal objects. What happened to Gary Powers in 1977? As the years passed, memories of the Maki family gradually began to fade, and all but possibly two or three old time residents of Enaville, Idaho, forgot that there has ever been a Maki family in that area. It had been hollowed out, and there was a small hole in the first a of the word Tasavalta which appeared on the tail side of this coin. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured. In keeping with instructions contained in a message he received from Soviet officials, Hayhanen was met by Mark at a movie theater in Flushing, Long Island, during the late summer of 1954. Count Two (Conspiracy to obtain defense information), 10 years imprisonment and $2,000 fine. The search for this storage room led FBI agents to a building at 252 Fulton Street. [37] Fisher was disturbed by Hyhnen's lack of work ethics and his obsession with alcohol. Investigation was to establish that the Emil Goldfus whose birth certificate Mark displayed had died in infancy. of american history tv, the brooklyn historical society host several experts on the trial. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abel's chief coconspirator in the United States. During this period, he was most cautious to avoid suspicion or attracting attention to himselfhis Soviet superiors wanting him to become established as an ordinary, hard-working citizen. Svirin had been in and out of the United States on several occasions between 1939 and 1956. Since the FBI Laboratory maintains a reference file concerning typewriters manufactured in the United States, a foreign-made typewriter undoubtedly was involved. ALL THE DATA ABOUT YOURSELF, PLACE OF WORK, ADDRESS, ETC., MUST NOT BE TRANSMITTED IN ONE CIPHER MESSAGE. [27], On 26 November, Fisher met with Soviet "illegal" Josef Romvoldovich Grigulevich (codenamed "MAKS" or "ARTUR"). For the first time Abel showed himself to the general public in 1968, when he addressed his compatriots with an introductory speech to the film. [68][69] He made a notable appearance in the foreword to the Soviet spy film Dead Season and also worked as a consultant on the film. The myth of the master spy Rudolf Abel replaced the reality of Fisher's illegal residency, even as the party hierarchy was well aware that Fisher had achieved nothing of real significance. Since he had studied the Finnish language and was very proficient in its use, Hayhanen was assigned as an interpreter to an NKVD group and sent to the combat zone to translate captured documents and interrogate prisoners during the Finnish-Soviet war. Months of determined probing by the FBIs scientists and investigative staff had led merely to one blind alley after another. He passed America's atomic secrets to the KGB. He was awarded a little pension and released KGB -approved memoirs in 1968. On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. He occasionally met with Reino Hyhnen, another Soviet agent residing in New York. [6], Fisher and his brother, Henry,[11] won scholarships to Whitley Bay High School and Monkseaton High School. All Rights Reserved. Forced into retirement in 1971, he died of lung cancer on November 15 of that year. ) (n. 11 iulie 1903, Newcastle Marea Britanie - d. 15 noiembrie 1971, Moscova ), nsc. Abel v. United States. The newsboy quickly counted the coins in his pocket. [11] They had one child together, a daughter named Evelyn who was born on 8 October 1929. Subtract. On May 28, 1957, agents observed a man resembling Mark on a bench in a park directly opposite the entrance to 252 Fulton Street. Best Known For: Soviet spy William Fisher, a.k.a. [68] For the sake of its own reputation it suited the KGB to portray "Abel's" nine years of being an undetected agent in the United States as a triumph by a dedicated NKVD member. [52] Upon opening the door, he was confronted by FBI agents who addressed him as "colonel" and stated that they had "information concerning [his] involvement in espionage." On June 15, a photograph of Goldfus which the FBI took with a hidden camera was shown to Hayhanen. [Image at top: An image of Abel's actual apartment at 252 Fulton Street in DUMBO. Less than three weeks later, acting on Hyhnen's information, surveillance was established near Fisher's photo studio. He did, however, remember being taken to a storage room in Brooklyn by his superior, whom he knew as Mark. The FBI tracked down the storage room and found it was rented by one Emil R. Goldfus, an artist and photographer who had a studio in Brooklyn Heights. [30] Fisher spent most of his first year organizing his network. In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel". The case, which had made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into obscurity. Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Rudolf Abel, Birth Year: 1903, Birth date: July 11, 1903, Birth City: Newcastle Upon Tyne, Birth Country: England. Photographs of the hollow coin were shown to them. READ MORE:The Spy Who Kept the Cold War From Boiling Over. After their introduction at this theater, Hayhanen and Mark held frequent meetings in Prospect Park, on crowded streets, and in other inconspicuous places in the area of Greater New York. 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